Direct measurement of crystal surface stress

Direct measurement of crystal surface stress.

The Direct Measurement of Circulation in Free Surface Vortices

Ultrasonic teclmiques have been used to directly and non-intrusively measure the circulation of free surface vortices. All experiments were performed in a vertical cylindrical tank with a central drain and a tangential inlet The circulation was measured on a closed triangular path by measuring the difference in upstream and downstream transit-times. Circulation was measured as a function of the...

on direct sums of baer modules

the notion of baer modules was defined recently

Gingival Thickness Assessment: Visual versus Direct Measurement

Background and Aim: Several methods have been suggested to measure gingival thick-ness. This study aimed to assess the reliability of visual assessment of facial gingival biotype of maxillary and mandibular teeth with or without using a periodontal probe in comparison with direct measurement. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven healthy patients (25 women and 42 men) with a total of 100 hopele...

Direct measurement of surface complex loading and surface dipole and their effect on simple device behavior.

Tin complexes of phenoxide ligands having a range of dipole moments were prepared on the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO). Surface complex loadings and stoichiometries were measured by quartz crystal microgravimetry. Work functions of ITO substrates treated with these various surface complexes were measured using a Kelvin probe. Surface complex dipole moments were then calculated based on meas...